AR-15 Accessories, AR-15 Basics, AR-15 Triggers, Vertical Foregrips
Building a General Purpose AR-15: Your Do-It-All Rifle
Sep
At AR15Discounts, we’re no strangers to the concept of the general purpose AR-15 – a single, versatile rifle designed to “do it all.” We’ve fielded countless requests for what might seem like a mythical creature in the firearms world: a do-it-all AR-15 capable of excelling in every scenario, from home defense to long-range precision. While no firearm can truly master every role, building a general-purpose AR-15 that performs admirably across a wide range of applications is indeed possible. The key lies in understanding what you’re getting, what it means for performance, and how to strike the right balance for your needs. Whether you’re looking to build a reliable home defense weapon, a versatile range companion, or a do-it-all rifle for whatever life might throw your way, this guide will walk you through the essentials of creating a truly capable general-purpose AR-15.
In the vast world of firearms, few platforms offer the versatility and adaptability of the AR-15. When it comes to creating a true do-it-all rifle, often referred to as a general purpose AR-15 or a do-it-all AR-15, this platform stands head and shoulders above the rest. This guide will walk you through the essential components and considerations for building a general purpose AR-15 that balances reliability, durability, and performance.
The Foundation: Understanding the General Purpose AR-15 Concept
Before diving into the specifics, it’s crucial to understand what we mean by a “general purpose AR-15” or a “do-it-all AR-15”. This is a rifle designed to handle a wide variety of tasks well, including potential self-defense situations. As such, this is not a budget build – we’re aiming for a do-it-all rifle that you can bet your life on if necessary.
The AR-15 platform is uniquely suited for the role of a general purpose rifle due to its incredible modularity. This allows us to carefully select each component to create a balanced, versatile do-it-all AR-15. Remember, the goal isn’t to create a “jack of all trades, master of none,” but rather a reliable, high-performance general purpose AR-15 capable of excelling in various scenarios.
Quality Over Gimmicks: Building a Serious General Purpose AR-15
When building a general purpose AR-15, it’s crucial to avoid gimmicks and focus on proven, reliable components. As one expert puts it, “To any serious, legitimate practitioner or fighter, things like a binary trigger are gimmicks. Even a full-auto M4… well, that’s a very, very limited application. There’s not a lot of guys, even in uniform, that carry it every day that ever find the need to put it on full-auto.”
For a do-it-all rifle intended for hard use, whether for a professional end-user, a training enthusiast, or for home defense, every component should be mil-spec or better. This ensures a known quantity of quality, especially when sourcing from reputable manufacturers.
It’s important to note that quality comes at a cost. If you’re looking at a complete general purpose AR-15 with a good reputation at a $650 price point, you’re likely compromising on quality somewhere. For a truly reliable, high-performance do-it-all AR-15 build, expect to invest in the $1,200-$1,500 range, minimum.
The Heart of the Rifle: Barrel and Bolt
At the core of any general purpose AR-15 is a high-quality barrel. For a hard-use AR – one that will see high volume, high round count, and high heat – a cold hammer-forged barrel is often the best choice. While there are some very good button-cut chrome-lined barrels, the hammer-forging process creates a barrel that can handle heat better and generally offers improved longevity.
When selecting a barrel, it’s crucial to understand the differences between types. Match-grade stainless steel barrels, while excellent for precision, may not be ideal for a do-it-all AR-15. Under high heat and heavy use, these barrels can experience faster throat erosion and gas port erosion, significantly reducing their lifespan.
A 16″ barrel length is often ideal for a general purpose AR-15. This length complies with federal regulations without additional paperwork, allows for a mid-length gas system for smoother operation, and provides a good balance of velocity and maneuverability.
Paired with your quality barrel should be an equally high-quality bolt carrier group (BCG). For the bolt, stick with mil-spec or better – there’s no reason to go below Carpenter 158 steel. You’re looking for tool steel strength to handle the immense pressures (50-60,000 PSI, depending on the load) generated in the chamber.
When selecting a BCG, look for one that has been properly heat-treated for durability and has undergone both MPI (Magnetic Particle Inspection) and HPT (High Pressure Testing). A chrome-lined or nitride-treated BCG will offer improved wear resistance and easier cleaning.
Gas System and Buffer: Balancing the Cycle
The gas system and buffer of your do-it-all AR-15 play a crucial role in its reliable function and shooting characteristics. When building or selecting a general purpose AR-15, it’s essential to ensure these components are properly matched to your rifle’s configuration.
For a 16″ barrel, which is ideal for most do-it-all rifles, a mid-length gas system is often the best choice. The mid-length system offers several advantages over the more common carbine-length system:
- Reduced port pressure: The gas port is farther from the chamber, resulting in lower pressure when the system is tapped.
- Smoother cycling: The lower port pressure leads to less violent extraction and ejection, potentially increasing reliability and parts longevity.
- Softer recoil impulse: The more gradual gas system operation often results in a smoother, more manageable recoil.
- Potentially increased accuracy: The smoother cycling can contribute to improved shot-to-shot consistency.
While other gas system lengths (pistol, carbine, or rifle-length) have their place in specialized builds, the mid-length system provides an excellent balance for most 16″ barreled general purpose AR-15s.
For most users purchasing a complete do-it-all rifle from a reputable manufacturer, the gas system should be appropriately set up out of the box. These rifles are typically “turn-key” solutions, ready to run reliably with minimal adjustment needed. However, if you’re building your own general purpose AR-15 or making significant modifications, you’ll need to pay careful attention to these components.
The gas system’s job is to harness some of the expanding gases from the fired round to cycle the action. It needs to provide enough energy to reliably cycle the bolt carrier group while not over-gassing the system, which can lead to increased wear and harsher recoil.
Equally important is selecting the right buffer weight. The buffer, working in conjunction with the buffer spring, helps control the cycling speed of the bolt carrier group and absorbs some of the recoil energy. When choosing a buffer, consider factors such as:
- Gas system length: Mid-length systems often work well with standard carbine buffers, but this can vary based on other factors.
- Suppressor use: If you plan to use a suppressor, you may need a heavier buffer to handle the increased back pressure.
- Ammunition: Different loads can affect cycling, so consider your typical ammunition when selecting a buffer.
Starting with a standard carbine buffer (about 3 oz) is often a good baseline for mid-length systems. From there, you can adjust up or down in weight based on how your do-it-all rifle functions. Signs of an improperly balanced system include short stroking (failure to fully cycle), excessive felt recoil, or premature wear on components.
Remember, the goal is to achieve reliable function with smooth cycling and manageable recoil. This balance will contribute significantly to the overall performance and longevity of your general-purpose rifle. The mid-length gas system, when properly implemented, goes a long way toward achieving this balance in a 16″ barreled do-it-all AR-15.
Optics: Enhancing Your Do-It-All AR-15’s Versatility
For a true do-it-all rifle, optics play a crucial role in maximizing the versatility of your general purpose AR-15. While there are several options available, two stand out for their ability to adapt to various situations: red dot sights with magnifiers, and Low Power Variable Optics (LPVOs).
For many users building a do-it-all AR-15, a quality red dot sight paired with a magnifier often provides the best balance of speed and precision. Red dot sights excel in close-quarters and rapid engagement scenarios, allowing for quick target acquisition and both-eyes-open shooting. The addition of a magnifier brings extended range capabilities to the table. When engaged, the magnifier allows for more precise shots at distance, expanding the effective range of your general purpose AR-15.
Modern red dot sights also offer incredible battery life, often measured in years of continuous use. This longevity means you can count on your optic to be ready when you need it, without constant battery changes. When selecting a red dot and magnifier combo for your do-it-all rifle, consider options from reputable manufacturers with proven track records in both civilian and professional use.
However, if your situation frequently requires engaging targets at longer distances, an LPVO (Low Power Variable Optic) is another excellent choice for your general purpose AR-15. LPVOs offer a range of magnification, typically from 1x to 6x or even 8x, allowing you to seamlessly transition from close-quarters to extended range engagements. At 1x, many quality LPVOs can be used with both eyes open, similar to a red dot, while higher magnification settings allow for precise shot placement at distance.
The choice between a red dot with magnifier and an LPVO for your do-it-all AR-15 will depend on your specific needs and the environments in which you anticipate using your rifle. If you prioritize speed at close to medium ranges with occasional longer shots, a red dot and magnifier might be ideal. If you frequently engage targets at varied distances and need constant magnification options, an LPVO could be the better choice for your general purpose AR-15.
Whichever option you choose, ensure it’s from a reputable manufacturer known for producing durable, reliable optics. Your do-it-all rifle’s optic needs to be as versatile and dependable as the rifle itself.
Handguard: Extending Your Reach
A quality handguard that extends to cover most of the barrel is crucial for a general purpose AR-15. When selecting a handguard, prioritize durability and stability. Look for robust materials like 6061-T6 aluminum, known for its strength-to-weight ratio. The mounting system should be rigid, ensuring your accessories and point of aim remain consistent even under stress or after minor impacts.
Extended handguards offer several benefits that enhance the versatility of your do-it-all AR-15. They provide increased real estate for accessories like lights and foregrips, allow for better heat dissipation during prolonged firing, and improve control and maneuverability, especially when shooting from unconventional positions.
Trigger: Personal Preference and Reliability
When it comes to selecting a trigger for your general purpose AR-15, it’s important to recognize that this is largely a personal decision. The debate between single-stage and two-stage triggers often comes down to individual preference and intended use.
Single-stage triggers have a consistent pull weight throughout the entire trigger pull, breaking cleanly when enough pressure is applied. They’re often favored for their simplicity and speed in close-quarters situations. Two-stage triggers, on the other hand, have an initial takeup stage followed by a second stage that breaks when additional pressure is applied. Many shooters find that this design allows for more precise shot control, especially at longer ranges.
However, regardless of whether you choose a single-stage or two-stage trigger, the most crucial factor is selecting a trigger from a reputable manufacturer. Quality and reliability should be your primary concerns. Even a standard trigger from a stock AR-15 lower parts kit, if it’s coming from a good company, might absolutely do what you need it to do. While it might not be a super-nice match trigger, it can still be more than adequate for most shooting situations.
For those building a general-purpose rifle, it’s worth considering starting with a quality mil-spec trigger. These triggers are designed to be reliable under a wide range of conditions and can serve you well as you develop your shooting skills. As you gain more experience and develop specific preferences, you can always upgrade to a more specialized trigger later.
If you do decide to upgrade your trigger, look for options from manufacturers with proven track records in both civilian and professional use. Companies like Geissele, LaRue, ALG Defense, and BCM, among others, offer a range of trigger options to suit different preferences and needs.
Remember, a good trigger should have a clean break, minimal overtravel, and a positive reset. These characteristics contribute to consistent and accurate shooting. However, even the best trigger won’t compensate for a lack of proper technique and practice. Regular training with your chosen trigger is essential to maximize its potential and your overall shooting performance.
Ultimately, the best trigger for your do-it-all AR-15 is one that you can operate confidently and consistently under stress. Whether that’s a mil-spec trigger or a high-end aftermarket option will depend on your specific needs, preferences, and budget.
Essential Accessories: Lights, Slings, and Grips
A weapon-mounted light is non-negotiable for a true do-it-all rifle, especially one that might be used for self-defense. It allows for positive target identification in low-light conditions and can be a crucial safety tool. When selecting a light for your general purpose AR-15, look for an output of at least 500 lumens and robust construction to withstand recoil and potential impacts.
A quality sling is often overlooked but is essential for a do-it-all AR-15. It allows for hands-free carry, helps with weapon retention, and can aid in stabilizing your shooting position. A two-point adjustable sling offers the most versatility, allowing you to quickly transition between different carrying positions and shooting stances.
While optional, a vertical foregrip or at least a handstop can significantly improve the controllability of your general purpose AR-15. A vertical foregrip provides a consistent hand placement and can aid in recoil management, allowing for faster, more accurate follow-up shots. It’s particularly useful when shooting from unconventional positions or when wearing gloves. If you prefer a less obtrusive option, a handstop can offer many of the same benefits while maintaining a slimmer profile.
The choice between a vertical foregrip and a handstop often comes down to personal preference and your specific needs. Some shooters find that a vertical foregrip offers better control during rapid fire or when using the C-clamp grip technique. Others prefer the minimalist approach of a handstop, which can provide just enough of a reference point for consistent hand placement without adding significant bulk to the rifle.
Whichever you choose, these accessories are relatively inexpensive and easy to install or remove. This allows you to experiment with different setups to find what works best for you. Remember, the goal is to enhance your control and comfort with the rifle, ultimately improving your speed and accuracy in various shooting scenarios.
For a true do-it-all AR-15, consider having both options available. You can easily swap between a vertical foregrip and a handstop depending on the specific task or training exercise at hand, further enhancing the versatility of your general purpose rifle.
Backup Iron Sights: Always Be Prepared
While modern optics are incredibly reliable, it’s wise to have a backup plan for your do-it-all AR-15. A set of quality flip-up iron sights ensures you’re never out of the fight if your primary optic fails. Look for durable, low-profile options that can be quickly deployed when needed.
Ammunition: Feeding Your Do-It-All Rifle
For a general purpose AR-15, ammunition selection is crucial. We currently recommend the 1WI Razorcore 77-grain load, primarily due to its use by trusted professionals and consistent availability. This weight performs well across a wide range of distances, offers excellent terminal performance, and tends to be more stable in flight, enhancing accuracy at longer ranges.
Remember, your do-it-all rifle is only as good as the ammunition you feed it. Invest in quality ammo for both training and defensive use, and ensure you have a consistent supply.
The AR-15: A Modern Marvel
The AR-15 platform’s combination of accuracy, reliability, and modularity make it uniquely suited for a wide range of applications. Its long history of use in various environments and conditions has led to continual refinements and improvements, resulting in a rifle that’s both highly effective and incredibly adaptable. This is why the AR-15 remains the top choice for those seeking a true do-it-all rifle.
Final Thoughts: Training and Investment in Your General Purpose AR-15/Do-It-All AR-15
Building a high-quality, general-purpose AR-15 is an investment in both money and time. While the initial cost may be higher, a well-built do-it-all rifle will serve you reliably for years to come. However, remember that even the best equipment is only as good as its user. Allocate budget not just for the do-it-all AR-15 and its accessories, but also for ammunition and training.
Regular practice with your general purpose AR-15 will help you become intimately familiar with its handling characteristics, making you more effective in a variety of situations. Consider taking classes from reputable instructors to improve your skills and learn how to maximize the potential of your do-it-all rifle.
In conclusion, building a general purpose AR-15 is an exercise in selecting quality, proven components that prioritize reliability, durability, and performance. By carefully choosing each part of your build, you can create a true do-it-all AR-15 capable of handling a wide range of scenarios. Remember, the goal is to build a do-it-all rifle that you can count on when it matters most, backed by the skills to use it effectively.
